lord of the rings :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Flies      William Golding’s book, The Lord of the Flies is a superb, anecdotal book about the battle and endurance of a gathering of young men caught on a uninhabited island. This book kept me extremely intrigued and made me need to continue perusing. The characters were various and each had engaging characteristics in themselves. The setting is splendidly portrayed and the plot is shockingly all around considered. Numerous things like these make this book such a work of art.      Although there are relatively few characters in The Lord of the Flies, there are a wide range of characters and contrasts between them. The primary character in the book is Ralph. Ralph is twelve years of age with light hair, and is the most magnetic of the gathering. He is portrayed as being fabricated "like a boxer," is to some degree alluring and is picked for boss, who makes it his business to set down principles and attempt to sort out a general public. All through the novel he is consistently in strife with Jack, who needs to be boss himself. Ralph and Piggy concur with each other’s thoughts, however Ralph doesn’t acknowledge how significant Piggy truly is to him until the finish of the novel. Despite the fact that Ralph never arrives at the comprehension about the Beast that Simon does, he knows directly from wrong. Jack is about Ralph's age, with a skinnier form and red hair. His freckled face is depicted as being "ugly without silliness." From the absolute starting point, he appears to hold feelings of outrage and brutality. From the outset, he is the pioneer of his ensemble gathering, who becomes trackers as the book advances. At last, his savage character and capacity to mention to individuals what they need to hear permits him to surpass Ralph as boss. Jack doesn't accept that the Beast exists and is the pioneer of insurgency on the island. From the beginning of the novel he doesn't care for keeping rules of any sort. He essentially needs to chase and make some great memories. Not appearing to think about being safeguarded, Jack and his clan are instances of the Beast spinning out of control. In the start of the story Jack, despite everything adapted by the past society he had been separated of, couldn't stand to slaughter a pig that was trapped in the brush. As the plot a dvances he turns out to be less and less connected to any cultural standards.

Minds and Machines essays

Brains and Machines expositions 1) Briefly portray Descartes perspective on the connection among mind and body. What, in the event that anything, isn't right with this view? Rene Descartes perspective on the connection between the brain and body, is a very convoluted one. In any case if one somehow managed to lay it out plainly, Descartes see is that the psyche and the body are isolated substances (Grayling 2001 p, 1). This thought of the psyche and body being isolated substances is known as Dualism. Descartes guaranteed that since he could think about the brain and body as being aside from one another, at that point they could likewise exist separated (Mattey 2001 p, 10). Descartes likewise expressed that human bodies are outside in that they can be seen by others (Mattey 2001 p, 11). This capacity to be watched, coupled with the idea that a body is a piece of room, additionally named the body as expanded and part of the physical world. Descartes likewise accepted that the body was subordinate to mechanical laws (Ryle 1949 p,120). As opposed to the body being outside, Descartes pronounced that the psyche was inward, in that nobody could watch the operations of the psyche, beside the individual themselves (Mattey p, 11). The brain was supposed to be a piece of the psychological world. By considering Descartes sees, one could then reason that an individual is isolated into two separate substances, the psyche and the body. Anyway Descartes meanings of the connection between the psyche and body, or all the more critically the absence of, raised numerous issues for thinkers what's more, individuals when all is said in done (Kihlstrom p, 1). One of the serious issues for dualists, for example, Descartes, to over come was started by the way that the body and psyche can cooperate (Kihlstrom p, 2). This connection can be seen at the point when one thinks about that the psyche can control and cause activities in the body, for instance the development of ones arms or legs. It can likewise be seen that the body acts with the psyche, ... <!

Need Cash Fast Try These 10 Great Side Hustles

Need Cash Fast Try These 10 Great Side Hustles Need Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side Hustles Need Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesWhen you’re in a pinch, earning some extra money is a much better option than a predatory payday loan.The thing about surprise expenses is that they’re impossible to anticipate. If they weren’t, they wouldn’t be surprises. One second your car is working fine, the next it’s stalled out on the side of the road. One second your boiler is humming along, the next your basement is filled with smelly, black smoke. Life comes at you fast and it often leaves behind a hefty bill.The best way to handle these kinds of emergency expenses is to have a dedicated emergency fund. But for some folks, those kinds of savings just aren’t a possibility. Taking out a loan is always an optionâ€"but folks whose credit is less-than-great might find themselves at the mercy of predatory payday and title lenders. And while OppLoans offers affordable installment loans that give you a safer, more responsible alternative to payday and title loans, getting a ny loan isn’t the only option available.A great way to deal with emergency expenses is to go out and earn the cash to pay for them. That could mean taking a second job with a maid service or your local fast food joint, but there are also tons of side hustles out there that give you a lot more independence.That’s why we reached out to a bunch of experts for some great ways to earn fast cash. We’ve got recommendations from:Gertrude Nonterah (@GeeNonterah), side hustle expert and the founder of myonlinebizjourney.comKelan and Brittany Kline, who blog about personal finance as The Savvy Couple (@TheSavvyCouple)GreenPal (@YourGreenPal) CEO Bryan ClaytonTED Global Speaker and author of The Homeless Entrepreneur, Becky Blanton (@BeckyBlanton_)Here are 10 of their top recommendations1.     Mystery shopping“If you are great with acting/pretending, this will be a great one for you. You essentially are an independent contractor for market research companies that hire you to go into par ticular stores, pose as a shopper using a specified scenario script so you can gather information for them. Mystery shopping pays anywhere from $10 to $50 per shop depending on the scenario. All youre doing is asking questions and noting the answers so you can report back. You can even make it a part of your weekly shopping trips.” Gertrude Nonterah2. Moving services“Make up some business cards ($20 if you get them done) and leave them with local Storage Facilities if people are looking for movers (they always are). You don’t even need a truck. Most people rent trucks from U-Haul and need drivers and loaders.” Becky Blanton3. Drop shippingKelan Kline (The Savvy Couple) shares this story about the $50K drop shipping (fulfilling retail orders from home) business he started in college…“When I was fourteen years old going into my freshman year my parents told me to get a job. The three words no high school kid wants to hear. Instead of getting a job I decided I would start selling things on eBay to make enough to make my parents happy.“After selling anything I could get my hands-on, including things I should not have, I started looking into drop shipping.   I had tried a few drop shipping companies even a couple that provided a free website to sell from with very little luck.“I kept searching and finally came across Doba.com, it changed everything! I bought a lifetime membership for $1,000 (which they no longer offer). I now had hundreds of thousands of products at my fingertips that I could increase the price and keep the profit from.“I found that Amazon was the bestselling platform due to their high-volume traffic and deep trust.“I continued to work on my drop shipping business EpicBuyz throughout high school and got very good at it. In college, my drop shipping business on average took in $50,000 a year in revenue. My profit on my sales would range anywhere from 8â€"15%, not a bad side hustle for a college student!“I still continue to se ll our used items on eBay and Amazon. I have the mindset if it’s not being used it’s worth money to someone else.“My drop shipping side hustle really set us up for success in running our blog. We started our blog TheSavvyCouple.com 10 months ago and will reach over 20,000 page views this month. Affiliate marketing is another very exciting online business with unlimited income potential.”(Check out Kelan’s interview with Doba’s CEO.)4. Become a lumper“A lumper is anyone who manually handles freight in a warehouse. They make from $60 to $350 per hour or job depending on the freight. Same day pay. Lots of articles online debate lumping, say you have to register, but most strong, healthy looking hard working men or women can generally find work lumping, and repeat work if they’re good and dependable.” Becky Blanton5. Selling on Craigslist“Old items around my house have brought me around $400 a month before. The key here is to take multiple pictures of the item and d escribe the item as thoroughly as possible. To find a fair but good price to make it worth your while, you can check out store websites like Walmart.com to gain a good idea of what the item costs at full price.” Gertrude Nonterah6. Lawn care with GreenPalIf you have knack for yard work, you could earn money on the side through GreenPal, often described as “Uber for Lawn Care.”Bryan Clayton CEO of GreenPal, explains:“Our system has over 500 vendor partners in seven states throughout the county.”“Many of our lawn care vendors are part-timers. Some are   firemen, some teachers that use our app in the summer to make extra money, others are college students that work afternoons and weekends, and it is the perfect way for them to make extra money.”“Our average vendor makes around $55 per hour mowing lawns on our system They set their own hours and pick the clients they want to work for,   it is the perfect side job.”7. Be a driver“If you have a CDL license you can mak e money fast moving cars, trucks, rentals etc. around the country. There’s always Uber, Left and other taxi services, but I know people who charge $10-$20 an hour to run errands, deliver groceries, etc. using their personal vehicle. Check your insurance first if you’re hauling people around, but many businesses need delivery for small items.”   Becky Blanton8. Avon salesBrittany Kline had a great experience working as a salesperson for Avon…“Similar to Kelan, I was told to get a job out of high school as well. After doing research, I decided to join Avon and start selling. I went through the training they provided, but I was never someone who pushed my business on to others. I started with ordering extra catalogs and going around on my bike hanging up bags on my neighbor’s mailboxes. It slowly took off.“When a woman at my mom’s work stopped selling Avon, it was the perfect in for me. My mom would bring catalogs to work with her and she would collect the orders from her co-workers. When the orders came in, we would bag them together and she would deliver and receive payment. We were a great team.“I sold to a close circle of friends and their family members for a long time. It was the perfect side hustle to cover my gas commuting to college or to cover my cell phone bill. Selling as a direct sales representative for 9 years was the perfect side hustle for me.”9. Online yard sales“Yard sales used to be on weekends and you had to drive there, look through crap and hope to find something you wanted or needed. Now you can go on Facebook, search on classifieds or yard sales and your area and find, OR SELL anything online. I make $200 + a month for less than an hour’s work uploading and selling clothes, books, furniture etc. online. ALWAYS meet the buyer at a public place a grocery store parking lot, etc.someplace where there are people around. If you’re selling electronics, watches, coins or cameras, phones etc. meet INSIDE a store. You’ re less likely to be mugged or robbed.”   Becky Blanton10) Amazon Flex“This is something my husband actually started recently and he makes between $200-$400 per week. Amazon Flex is a service that gives people the opportunity to quickly deliver items people have ordered from Amazons website (and indicated that wanted same/1-day delivery) from a regional Amazon location. The deliveries are local and so you will not spend a ton on gas. For something that brings in $1000-$2000 per month for my family, Id say this one is a winner!” Gertrude NonterahIf you have a great fast cash side gig that isn’t on this list, we’d love to hear about! You can get in touch with us on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsBecky Blanton (@BeckyBlanton_) is a TED Global speaker, blogger, ghostwriter, and founder of The Homeless Entrepreneur a nonprofit that offers Suitcase to Briefcase, a training program that teaches those experiencing homel essness how to start their own business.Bryan Clayton (@YourGreenPal)  is the CEO of GreenPal, an online marketplace connecting homeowners with local lawn care professionals. Bryan is a serial entrepreneur in the lawn and landscaping industry having built and sold Peach Tree Inc., a Nashville based landscape group, growing the firm to over 120 employees to ultimate acquisition by Landscapes USA.Kelan and Brittany Kline aka The Savvy Couple (@TheSavvyCouple) are two thriving millennials that are daring to live differently. They started their personal finance blog September 2016 to help others get money $avvy so they can live a frugal and free lifestyle. Brittany is a full-time 4th-grade teacher and Kelan runs The Savvy Couple full-time and works as a digital marketer. You can follow them here: Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram.Gertrude Nonterah (@GeeNonterah) is a research scientist trying to save premature infants by day and blogger/freelance writer by night. She is also t he founder of MyOnlineBizJourney.com an educational website that focusses on teaching people how to plan and launch their own side hustles using online tools and skills they already have.

A Comic Poem About English Spelling and Pronunciation

Composed by Dr. Gerard Nolst Trenità © (1870-1946), a Dutch author and teacher, The Chaos illustrates many of the irregularities of English spelling (orthography) and pronunciation. The Chaos by Charivarius (Gerard Nolst Trenità ©) Dearest creature in Creation,Studying English pronunciation,I will teach you in my verseSounds like corpse, corps, horse, and worse.I will keep you, Susy, busy,Make your head with heat grow dizzy;Tear in eye, your dress youll tear;So shall I! Oh, hear my prayer.Pray, console your loving poet,Make my coat look new, dear, sew it!Just compare heart, beard, and heard,Dies and diet, lord and word.Sword and sward, retain and Britain(Mind the latter, how its written!)Made has not the sound of bade,Say-said, pay-paid, laid, but plaid.Now I surely will not plague youWith such words as vague and ague,But be careful how you speak,Say break, steak, but bleak and streak.Previous, precious, fuchsia, via;Pipe, snipe, recipe and choir,Cloven, oven; how and low;Script, receipt; shoe, poem, toe.Hear me say, devoid of trickery:Daughter, laughter and Terpsichore,Typhoid; measles, topsails, aisles;Exiles, similes, reviles;Wholly, holly; signal, signing;Thames; examining, combining;Scholar, vicar, and cig ar,Solar, mica, war, and far.br/>From desire: desirable--admirable from admire;Lumber, plumber, bier, but brier;Chatham, brougham; renown but known,Knowledge; done, but gone and tone,One, anemone; Balmoral;Kitchen, lichen; laundry, laurel;Gertrude, German; wind and mind;Scene, Melpomene, mankind;Tortoise, turquoise, chamois-leather,Reading, Reading, heathen, heather.This phonetic labyrinthGives moss, gross, brook, brooch, ninth, plinth.Billet does not end like ballet;Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet;Blood and flood are not like food,Nor is mould like should and would.Banquet is not nearly parquet,Which is said to rhyme with darky.Viscous, viscount; load and broad;Toward, to forward, to reward,And your pronunciations OK.Rounded, wounded; grieve and sieve;Friend and fiend; alive and live.Liberty, library; heave and heaven;Rachel, ache, moustache, eleven,We say hallowed, but allowed;People, leopard; towed, but vowed.Mark the difference, moreover,Between mover, plover, Dover,Leeches, bre eches; wise, precise;Chalice but police and lice.br/>Camel, constable, unstable;Principle, disciple; label;Petal, penal, and canal;Wait, surmise, plait, promise; pal.Suit, suite, ruin; circuit, conduitRhyme with shirk it and beyond it.But it is not hard to tellWhy its pall, mall, but Pall Mall.Muscle, muscular; gaol, iron;Timber, climber; bullion, lion,Worm and storm; chaise, chaos, chair;Senator, spectator, mayor.Ivy, privy, famous; clamourAnd enamour rime with hammer.Pussy, hussy, and possess,Desert, but desert, address.Golf, wolf, countenance, lieutenantsHoist in lieu of flags left pennants.Courier, courtier, tomb, bomb, comb,Cow, but Cowper, some, and home.Solder, soldier! Blood is thicker,Quoth he, than liqueur or liquor,Making, it is sad but true,In bravado, much ado.Stranger does not rhyme with anger,Neither does devour with clangour.Pilot, pivot, gaunt, but aunt,Font, front, wont, want, grand, and grant.Arsenic, specific, scenic,Relic, rhetoric, hygienic.Gooseberry, goose, a nd close, but close,Paradise, rise, rose, and dose.br/>Say inveigh, neigh, but inveigle,Make the latter rhyme with eagle.Mind! Meandering but mean,Valentine and magazine.And I bet you, dear, a penny,You say mani-(fold) like many,Which is wrong. Say rapier, pier,Tier (one who ties), but tier.Arch, archangel; pray, does erringRhyme with herring or with stirring?Prison, bison, treasure trove,Treason, hover, cover, cove,Perseverance, severance. RibaldRhymes (but piebald doesnt) with nibbled.Phaeton, paean, gnat, ghat, gnaw,Lien, psychic, shone, bone, pshaw.Dont be down, my own, but rough it,And distinguish buffet, buffet;Brood, stood, roof, rook, school, wool, boon,Worcester, Boleyn, to impugn.Say in sounds correct and sterlingHearse, hear, hearken, year and yearling.Evil, devil, mezzotint,Mind the Z! (A gentle hint.) Now you need not pay attentionTo such sounds as I dont mention,Sounds like  pores, pause, pours  and  paws,Rhyming with the pronoun  yours;Nor are proper names included,Though I often heard, as you did,Funny rhymes to  unicorn,Yes, you know them,  Vaughan  and  Strachan.No, my maiden, coy and  comely,I dont want to speak of  Cholmondeley.No. Yet  Froude  compared with  proudIs no better than  McLeod.But mind  trivial  and  vial,Tripod, menial, denial,Troll  and  trolley, realm  and  ream,Schedule, mischief, schism, and  scheme.Argil, gill, Argyll, gill. SurelyMay be made to rhyme with  Raleigh,But youre not supposed to sayPiquet  rhymes with  sobriquet.Had this  invalid invalidWorthless documents? How  pallid,How  uncouth he, couchant, looked,When for Portsmouth I had booked!Zeus, Thebes, Thales, Aphrodite,Paramour,  enamoured, flighty,Episodes, antipodes,Acquiesce, and  obsequies.Please dont monkey with the  geyser,Dont p eel taters with my  razor,Rather say in accents pure:Nature, stature  and  mature.Pious, impious, limb, climb, glumly,Worsted, worsted, crumbly, dumbly,Conquer, conquest, vase, phase, fan,Wan, sedan  and  artisan.br/>The  TH  will surely trouble youMore than  R, CH  or  W.Say then these phonetic gems:Thomas, thyme, Theresa, Thames.Thompson, Chatham, Waltham, Streatham,There are more but I forget em-Wait! Ive got it:  Anthony,Lighten your anxiety.The archaic word  albeitDoes not rhyme with  eight-you see it;With  and  forthwith, one has voice,One has not, you make your choice.Shoes,  goes, does. Now first  say:  finger;Then say:  singer, ginger, linger.Real, zeal, mauve, gauze  and  gauge,Marriage, foliage, mirage, age,Hero, heron, query, very,Parry, tarry fury, bury,Dost, lost, post, and  doth, cloth, loth,Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath.Faugh, oppugnant, keen  oppugners,Bowing, bowing, banjo-tunersHolm  you know, but  noes, canoes,Pu isne, truism, use, to  use?Though the difference seems  little,We say  actual, but  victual,Seat, sweat, chaste, caste, Leigh, eight, height,Put, nut, granite, and  unite.Reefer  does not rhyme with  deafer,Feoffer  does, and  zephyr, heifer.Dull, bull, Geoffrey, George, ate, late,Hint, pint, senate, but  sedate.Gaelic, Arabic, pacific,Science, conscience, scientific;Tour, but  our, dour, succour, four,Gas, alas, and  Arkansas.br/>Say  manoeuvre, yacht  and  vomit,Next  omit, which differs  from itBona fide, alibiGyrate, dowry and awry.Sea, idea, guinea, area,Psalm, Maria, but  malaria.Youth, south, southern, cleanse  and  clean,Doctrine, turpentine, marine.Compare  alien  with  Italian,Dandelion  with  battalion,Rally  with  ally; yea, ye,Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!Say  aver, but  ever, fever,Neither, leisure, skein, receiver.Never guess--it is not  safe,We say  calves, valves, half, but  Ralf.Starry, granary, ca nary,Crevice, but  device, and  eyrie,Face, but  preface, then  grimace,Phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass, bass.Bass, large, target, gin, give, verging,Ought, oust, joust, and  scour, but  scourging;Ear, but  earn; and  ere  and  tearDo not rhyme with  here  but  heir.Mind the  O  of  off  and  oftenWhich may be pronounced as  orphan,With the sound of  saw  and  sauce;Also  soft, lost, cloth  and  cross.Pudding, puddle, putting. Putting?Yes: at golf it rhymes with  shutting.Respite, spite, consent, resent.Liable, but  Parliament.Seven  is right, but so is  even,Hyphen, roughen, nephew, Stephen,Monkey, donkey, clerk  and  jerk,Asp, grasp, wasp, demesne, cork, work.A  of  valour, vapid vapour,S  of  news  (compare  newspaper),G  of  gibbet, gibbon, gist,I  of  antichrist  and  grist,Differ  like  diverse  and  divers,Rivers, strivers, shivers, fivers.br/>Once, but  nonce, toll, doll, but  ro ll,Polish, Polish, poll  and  poll.Pronunciation--think of  Psyche!-Is a paling, stout and  spiky.Wont it make you lose your witsWriting  groats  and saying  grits?Its a dark abyss or tunnelStrewn with stones like  rowlock, gunwale,Islington, and  Isle of Wight,Housewife, verdict  and  indict.Dont you think so, reader,  rather,Saying  lather, bather, father?Finally, which rhymes with  enough,Though, through, bough, cough, hough,sough, tough?Hiccough  has the sound of cup . . .My advice is: give it up! The Chaos by Dr. Gerard Nolst Trenità © first appeared (in a shorter version) in an appendix to his textbook  Drop Your Foreign Accent, published in 1920.

Midterm The Great Gatsby Essay - 986 Words

Midterm: The Great Gatsby This assignment, I was instructed to choose an American film within the past five years and write a film review about it. One thing I love about America, are its astonishing and inspiring films and story’s. Specifically, my favorite is The Great Gatsby directed by Baz Luhrmann released May first 2013. This film takes place in New York, 1922. Nick Carraway a bond-seller is depressed and suffers from alcoholism, his doctor pursues him to write an account of what put him in this state. Roughly seven years in the past, Carraway comes to New York in search of the American Dream and ends up living next door to the millionaire Jay Gatsby and across the bay from his cousin Daisy and her husband Tom Buchanan. After being invited to Gatsby’s amazing and mind blowing party’s he accepts Gatsby’s influence of becoming wealthy and successful. Moments later, Gatsby asks Carraway to invite his cousin Daisy over for tea with Gatsby. What Carraway does not know is that Dais y was one of Gatsby’s true love before he left for war. Throughout the story, Carraway learns more and more about the mysterious Mr. Gatsby. Throughout the story, tragedy’s, lies and love interferes with every character. In this film, there are few main characters that are very important. Nick Carraway (Tobey Maguire), Jay Gatsby (Leonardo DiCaprio), Daisy Buchanan (Carey Mulligan) and Tom Buchanan (Joel Edgerton). Carraway is Daisys cousin and Gatsby uses Carraway to get to Daisy whileShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald778 Words   |  4 Pages Midterm Essay In The Great Gatsby, Scott Fitzgerald depicts The American Dream as a positive meanwhile it gives hope those that want to follow it. The American Dream is something all Americans or incoming immigrants want to have. The Dream includes freedom, opportunities, and responsibility. The dream in its infancy starts when Gatsby relocated himself to West Egg, the dream changes for Gatsby changes when lives across the bay from Daisy, and result of the dream ends when Gatsby dies. UltimatelyRead MoreModern Us Drama Midterm Paper2508 Words   |  11 PagesMary Hannah Dober Modern US Drama Midterm Paper March 30, 2015 Fucked: Glengarry Glen Ross in 1984, 1992, 2005 and 2012. The year is 1984. Ronald Reagan has just been re-elected by a landslide, including many votes from disaffected liberals. Yuppie culture fuels a high consumption economy. Tom Brokaw is now sole anchor of NBC’s Nightly News. Michael Jackson dominates the Grammys. McDonald’s debuts the McNugget. And Glengarry Glen Ross opens on Broadway. Because Glengarry Glen Ross is so inherently

Slavery During The Civil War Essay - 1761 Words

The idea of slavery in early America began when African slaves were brought to the newly settled North American settlement called Jamestown in Virginia in 1619, to help in the cultivation of cash crops as tobacco. Slavery was practiced all throughout the colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, with the abundance of practically free labor provided from the enslaved African-Americans helped pave the road of economic foundations in the newly founded nation. With the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, making the harvest of cotton much more efficient, D rove the importance of slavery to the South’s economy to an all time high, flourishing the economy. During the mid-19th the mass use of slavery would later become the central topic of great controversy in the south, and will would later spark conflict with the north and this provoke a great debate over slavery that would tear the nation apart in the bloodiest war America has ever seen, the Civil War (1861-65). After the Union, n orth, victory over he southern states, the nation’s 4 million slaves were freed, but not given rights as a citizen would until to the civil rights movement in the 1960s, a century after emancipation. In the early 17th century, European settlers in the new America needed a large supply of labor for many different jobs, so they turned to African slaves, as a cheaper, more abundant labor source than their indentured servants. In 1619, a Dutch ship brought 20 Africans to the British colony of Jamestown, inShow MoreRelatedSlavery During The Civil War1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War, occurring between the years 1861 and 1865, was a devastating effect of sectionalism caused by the division of the country on the topic of slavery. Slavery impacted every aspect of the country, whether in the North or the South, though primarily in the South; major impacts were in the politics and economy of the early country ways which inevitably caused the Civil War. Slavery was the focal point of the economy in the South, this inthrallment was the fuel for the agricultural SouthRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe foul seeds of slavery in American soil. Quickly, slavery would spread like weeds throughout the colonies, and became significantly important to the South. According to the Constitutional Rights Foundation, â€Å"Before the Civil War, nearly 4 million black slaves toiled in the American South.† However, during the late 1800s, many American citizens began to contemplate the mortality of slavery, thereby causing the states to divide. Although the North was for the abolition of slavery, the South defendedRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pages Eighteen century was a time period when slavery took deep roots in the New World. Slavery institution deeply affected and shaped the United States in the way we know it now. It affected all aspects of an American society: politically, economically and socially. Slaves were the ones who worked on large plantations, harvesting the crops, taking care of houses, fighting for an American independence, and gave the white people a leisure time to improve their knowledge and exercise political powerRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1571 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery, defined in Webster’s dictionary as the â€Å"condition in which one human being is owned by another†, was a heinous crime against humanity that was legal and considered a normality in America from 1619 to 1865. In 1865, the Union won the Civil War against the Confederates and declared that African American slaves be emancipated. Before their emancipation, African American families were split up, never to see each other again. Their rights of political and social freedoms were also stripped awayRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1751 Words   |  8 PagesFreedom. Independence. Liberty. Slavery in America began as early as the 1600’s when the colonists began settling in Jamestown. Originally, slavery was merely a small system of labor, meant to aid the production of crops and help build the economic foundations of the New World. The concept of slavery differed from place to place and from person to person. Some believed that owning another person as a source of free labor was just, wanting to extend the idea of slavery. Others thought the labor systemRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1900 Words   |  8 Pageslifestyles, abolitionists from north were against slavery and advocated emancipation to slaves in the south. Slavery may not have been the only factor that sparked a disagreement between the north and south but it certainly had an influence on states decisions to remain or leave the Union. The conflict of slavery has been an issue as early as the American Revolution but it became a serious problem around the 1850’s and during the Civil War. The impact slavery had on the Union can be seen in events suchRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pages‘Modern’ slavery in America began in 1619 when the first wave of slaves, were brought from Africa to a North American colony in Jamestown, Virginia. From 1619 to 1807 (when The Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves was made) according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Database 12.5 million african were shipped to America. Prior to this slavery had existed as early as 1400 in europe. In America their sole purpose was to facilitate the production of lucrative crops such as Tobacco and cotton. By the 18thRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reasons that led to the Continue of Slavery in Virginia When Englishmen arrived at Jamestown they found a great land for farming. A few years later when the Englishmen decided to settle down at the new land, they grew a high-grade tobacco at the Chesapeake . It did not take long time for settlers to understand that they could pay their fines, debts, and taxes with tobacco, so they started to grow tobacco everywhere. In order to support economic growth and luxury living, EnglishmenRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1908 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the 1800s in America, slavery was a controversy between the north and the south. A Slave was one who was the property of another human being under law and was forced to obey them. The North felt that slavery was unfair and inhumane, whereas in the South, they felt as though slavery was crucial to their success. African American slaves were not allowed many rights: they were not allowed to testify in court against a white person, could not receive an education, or even sign c ontractsRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War2248 Words   |  9 PagesSlavery of Freedom is Choice Slavery, in which lower class people are treated as property legally but by force, has been a serious issue in human history for thousands of years regardless of culture differences. During the antebellum period, North America abolished slavery of the black, whereas the south violently opposed to abolition no matter how inhuman it is since the south was on foreign trade and slaves provided the labor needed to support the economy. According to different information sources

Taxation Law & Practice

Question: Housing affordability is a goal of governments and opposition parties in Australia. A topic of discussion in the media is whether negative gearing combined with the capital gains tax discount (tax concessions) increases speculative activity in the housing market to the disadvantage of the first home buyer.Identify and evaluate key arguments both for and against retaining these tax concessions if housing affordability is to be achieved. In your response you must explain what is meant by negative gearing and how capital gains arising from property investment are treated. You should refer to sections of legislation, tax rulings and cases where relevant. Answer: Introduction The lawful combination of the Capital Gain Tax Discount and negative gearing has distorted the residential property markets. This particular act has encouraged speculations among investors and the individuals having higher incomes to use this law to their advantages for saving tax use this. These are one sort of tax benefits given by the governments and a recent survey by the Australian Institutes has revealed that the Australian government is incurring loss to the tune of $7 billion per year. On the other hand, the same study revealed that the middle class who bear the most of the tax burden does not get many benefits from this legal action. Moreover, about 67% of the benefits are received by the top 20% of the taxpayers, whereas the 4% of the lower income group individuals are benefitted by the scheme. On the other hand, the above combinations are found to boost the number of investments in the Australian residential properties, which in turn is inflating the prices of the housing property. Moreover, the number of genuine ownership of housing is not increasing at genuine ownership of the houses at that rate. The number of investments in the housing finance has increased at a great pace and the concentration of such investments by the financial houses in a particular is raising alarms. Investors in the housing markets can book loss on the rental income and at the same time gain the advantage of tax benefit. Negative Gearing Negative gearing in the taxation parlance, is the advantage that a taxpayer gains from the loss booked from an investment in properties. In case of purchasing a property, the investor uses leveraged money and then puts the purchased property on rent. The taxpayer can claim deduction, when the expenses incurred by the investor is higher than the rental income received by them, then he can claim deduction on the previously mentioned investments. In this case, savings of tax on other incomes can compensate the loss incurred by the company from the investment in housing property and deductible expenses include payments of interest on loans on the investment properties. The investments on the housing properties are considered to be offbeat investments as the loss is met by the exchequers whereas most other investments are typically made to earn profits. On the other hand, the main target of the investments in this particular sector is to make loss and the intentions of the investments in this sector are to get deductions in tax. The investors have found a loophole in the acts, they are misusing the acts, and at the same time, they are speculating on the investments of the housing investments. It is interesting to note that, although the investors are incurring loss, but the value of the property is increasing with each passing day. Capital Gain Tax CGT, stands for the capital gain tax and the when an investor sells the property, it is normally made at a profits. This sort of gain, is termed as a capital gain as per the laws of Australia, it is termed as capital gain taxation. It is calculated as the net value attained on the sale of the assets and the expenses that are incurred by the investors for the maintenance of the property. As per the Australian Taxation office, a taxpayer gets a 50% discount on the capital gains, if the property is hold by the taxpayer for more than 12 months and he is still the owner of the property. The main motive of the agency is to promote the holding period of the assets and allow a discount on the amount of the tax payable of the invested property. As per the current negative gearing theory, the investor is able to deduct the current revenue loss and the at the same time the theory makes the investor helps them to pay taxes on the proportionate gains made by the investor on the sale of property. The catch of the existing rule is that the discount received by the investors helps to collect the total value of the investments, at the cost of the exchequer. Workings of the Act Critics claim that the government is lenient towards the investors of the rental properties and as compared to other developed countries; the country does not set any deductible expense limits that are made by the investors. Moreover, in case of Australian property only half the tax is paid by the investors, the taxpayers are totally sing these in their advantages. On the other hand, it is to be noted that the investors are trying to make loss from the investments and at the same time the value of the properties are being increased by each passing day. Moreover, the capital gains are not levied on the property unless the property is sold. It is to be noted that the capital gearing method helps the taxpayer to levy tax at half the original rates and at the same time after the sale of the property, the taxpayer has the authority of deducting unlimited amount of expenses from the tax. This particular system helps the investors to leverage money for investing in the house property market and do endless speculations on the housing property markets. CGT, Negative Gearing and Housing Affordability Critics claim that with the advent of the negative gearing policy and the CGT taxations, the exchequer is losing a great deal of money from the taxations and at the same time, this method is creating a problem of the housing affordability problems in the whole of Australia. On the other hand, the rampant speculative process is increasing the prices of the property that is beyond the reach of the common citizens and this is creating problems of the affordability in the housing markets. The genuine buyers are not able to buy the houses due to the hike in the prices of the houses due to the speculative purpose and are creating an imbalance in the housing markets. Among all the OECD members this country has the second highest ratio of the housing prices to the income ratios and this factors is becoming a strong reason for the lack of the affordability for the housing markets. On the other hand, it is observed that the prices of the houses are high among all the economically developed countries. Since, 2000 the tax revenues from the housing markets are showing a declining trends. Rents and Negative Gearing The Australian investors of the housing markets are not at all concerned with the rental yields from the markets but they are much bothered about the capital gain taxability of the rental properties. The negative gearing as well as the CGT has formed a nexus among them and the benefits of the nexus is gained by the speculators and at the same time the investors. On the other hand, many of the government officials have suggested the removal of this current system, so that the revenue in the form of taxation increases to the governments exchequers and instead of the speculators and the investors the governments are benefitted from the transactions and the financial conditions improve of the federal governments and the benefits ultimately trickles down to the common public. At the same time, the prices of the housing will decrease largely and the benefit will be accrued to the genuine buyers of the housing who search for the housing facilities for living. On the other hand, the investor s put their rationale in a way that the negative gearing factors is a way of keeping the rent of the houses at a lower price and for this reasons the lower income group is able to afford the housing facilities. At the same time they argue that without the existence of this law, the lower income groups will not be able to afford housing and they in turn are doing a good work by speculating the housing markets and keeping the rentals at a low price. Negative Gearing Facts and Myths Fiction 1: The restriction of the governments on the negative gearing since 1985-19/87 had resulted in a rent increases and the current government must act in a way, so as to decrease the rent and make the housing affordable for the lower income groups as well. Reality: The higher rental income was not the result of the policy undertaken by the government but it was the result of the higher interest rates, boom in the share markets and at the same time, the good condition of the overall market, which has resulted in the higher interest rate. When the market is in the boom phase, there automatically comes inflation in the markets and inflation causes the prices of everything to rise. Rise in the rental income is one of the results of the inflations and the prices automatically increase of all the accompanying factors. Moreover, the inflation in the market led to the rise of the diversification in the markets and the investors shifted from the investments in the housing properties to other greener pastures. Throughout the Australian continent, the rental income rose by 42% and the only exception in the given case was Perth and Sydney. Myth 2: In the recent phase negative gearing prices does not lead to the increase in the rental income, as has been the case of the past two decades Fact: Speculation is the prime reasons for which there has been a rise in the rental prices. Behind speculations, there is always the fact of the negative gearings and it has helped in the housing booms in each cases. In the current phase, due to the rise in the credit facilities, the speculators have enough cash and that has led to the rise in the number of speculations and made things worse for those who genuinely search for the houses. On the other hand, the scheme of giving discounts at the rate of 50% has been a lucrative options for the speculators who intentionally make losses on the ventures to reap the benefits of the deductions available on the capital gains and reduce the expenditures at the same time. Myth 3 Speculators belonging to the middle-income segments reap the benefits of the negative gearing system Fact: The Tax Statistics shows wrong estimates of the assessments after allowing reductions that they are eligible for the capital gains. The profits of the concerns are already reduced by the negative gearing strategies and it does not matters whether they belongs to the lower income segments or the higher income groups. The reality is that most of the households, which belongs to the middle-income segments, actually belong to the upper income brackets and the prices are considered before the deductions, that they are entitled to get. This particular fact creates a disparity in the income brackets and they are confused with the other income groups. A recent study that was conducted revealed that about 10% of the income segments those belongs to the income groups of over $100000 and more than 30% have earned above $500000. This particular statistics clears all the confusions and brings clarity to the all the data. Changes that are to be made in CGT Discounts and Negative Gearings In case of the proposing of the changes to the Capital Gain Tax Discounts and the negative gearings methods, it is of utmost importance for the authorities to retain the good aspects of the current policies and also they should consider the transitional arrangements. Negative gearings have the capability of pushing the sales of the houses and at the same time that will happen at a very small number. On the other hand, the negative gearings must consider the implementations of the act only for a decade and make amendments if required. The investors will find the investments in the new housing sectors to be attractive, the inflows of the capitals will leads to healthy conditions in the housing markets, and slowly the condition of the market will become better. On the other hand, any sort of abrupt policy changes in the market will not be healthy to the markets as they may lead to unsold investments in the markets and it will suddenly to an abrupt changes in the markets. This situation leads to a changes in the price of the housings which will leads to the price instability and at the make the market unhealthy for the housing markets. Conclusions The recent housing policy, which is the brainchild of the Australian government, has stirred much controversy in the markets. People are debating whether the thing is good or bad for the economy and there is a lot of controversy surrounding it. The reason for this is that the speculation varies from person to person and not all of them speculate at that level. This particular fact is very much important for all those who hold investment properties or are in the verge of changing their properties. Few of them may contemplate to move from an expensive area to a lower expensive area or vice versa. In case of fixation of the taxation policies, the governments must consider equity as well as efficiency of the markets. In the given case, governments have failed in both the cases and they must try to rectify their act in the near futures. Reference Crommelin, Laura, "Gentrification: A Working-Class Perspective" (2015) 30 Housing Studies Hanlon, James, "Fair Housing Policy And The Abandonment Of Public Housing Desegregation" (2014) 30 Housing Studies Home Page | Australian Taxation Office (2016) Ato.gov.au https://www.ato.gov.au Muir, Jenny and David Mullins, "The Governance Of Mandated Partnerships: The Case Of Social Housing Procurement" (2015) 30 Housing Studies Oxley, Michael, "Making Progress In Housing: A Framework For Collaborative Research" (2015) 30 Housing Studies Pawson, Hal, "The Tenants Movement" (2015) 30 Housing Studies Stone, Wendy, "Private Rental Housing: Comparative Perspectives" (2015) 30 Housing Studies Worthington, Andrew and Helen Higgs, "Macro Drivers Of Australian Housing Affordability, 1985-2010" (2013) 30 Studies in Economics Finance.

Review of Systems Theory

Abstract Over the years, the application of the Systems theory in different fields of study has escalated. It has played a pivotal role in analyzing various aspects that impact our lives as human beings. Within the field of marriage and family therapy, it has been used in conflict resolution between members of the family.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Review of Systems Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, it has helped therapists in addressing family and marital issues such as: divorce, marriage, anger, the role of the parents within a family setting, domestic violence among other issues. In this research paper, we shall analyze the history of this theory, its philosophical underpinnings as pertaining to marriage and family therapy, the main concepts behind it and its applicability in this area of study. Introduction It is a known fact that no man is an island. This statement may seem hollow but it has deep psychological meanings that may help one understand the human psyche. In layman’s terms, it simply means that humans are social beings that need each other to maintain their sanity as well as in surviving the day-to-day tribulation. From a psychoanalytic perspective, it means that the source of any psychological distress experienced by a person can generally be traced back to his/her society. To further understand how the human mind works, scholars have developed theories that try to justify human behaviors as products of their environment. The Systems theory presents one such development through which human inter-dependency can be explained. A system as defined by Connors et al (2005) refers to; â€Å"an organized collection of parts (or subsystems) that are highly integrated to accomplish an overall goal†. A system has various elements that work together towards the achievement of desired results or outputs. This means that a system must have other smaller subsystems if it is to function effectively (Herting et al, 2007). As such, if one aspect of the system changes, it is likely that the pattern of the overall system will change as well. Therefore, a system can be defined as being systemic in nature (Egiazaryan et al, 2007). This paper shall analyze the applicability of the Systems theory to marriage and family therapy. The concepts of this theory shall be evaluated to measure the extent to which it can be applied into the practice of marriage and family therapy.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More History of Systems theory Systems theory refers to a research strategy that uses different fields of study to create a holistic understanding of a system (Gunaratne, 2008). The main aim of this theory is to analyze the core principles that govern how a system functions so that they can be applied in all fields of study (Trop, 2007). The origin of this theory can be dated back to the late 1890s. This was an era characterized by scientists who wanted to understand how complex systems worked. To accomplish this, they believed that it would be easier to divide systems into smaller pieces and later study them separately. The rationale behind this group-think was that smaller components would be easy to identify and study as compared to the whole system (Dupuis, 2010). As time went by, this approach was quickly absorbed by other scholars and it became a core research tool used in the study of sciences (biology, Physic and chemistry). However, scientists started misusing this approach by practicing reductionism (Dunst, 2009). In reductionism, scientists broke each system into smaller parts and studied them without giving due consideration to their relationship to the larger system. To solve this issue, the general systems theory (GST) was developed in early 1920’s. The scientists agreed that irres pective of the uniqueness possessed by each component within a system, they all worked together to yield the expected outcome. They therefore began to look at systems as holistic units. GST paved way to the development of new techniques which could be used in handling various issues in other areas of study. Philosophical underpinnings of the systems theory The systems theory argues that to every action there must be a reaction. According to Robbins et al (2006), Ludwig von Bertalanffy based this theory on three main philosophies: the ontology (classification of entities and studying existence), epistemology (knowledge science), and axiology (ethical and aesthetical values) of systems. The theory was formulated under the following assumptions. That all events are results of coordinated efforts between various independent elements within a given system. Despite their different properties, all systems have common patterns that can be studied with an aim of providing more insight into complex tendencies. In summary, this theory was founded on the assumption that each element in the world (no matter the size or classification), has its role to play in ensuring that efficiency prevails where desired (Kerzner, 2009)). In addition, it placed more emphasis on the fact that a ripple effect is always present in all systems. Movement to Mental Health Field Claybourne (2006) defines the human body as a system composed of 10 independent subsystems working together to ensure full functionality and efficiency. The human brain is compared to an engine from which other organs are interconnected. As such, psychologists and other researchers have over the years applied the systems theory as an effective tool in understanding how the human mind works.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Review of Systems Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regards to the study of mental health, the systems theo ry has played a pivotal role in establishing the relationship between brain functions and the functions of other anatomical systems. Boss et al (2008) state that if an individual is mentally healthy, then other body systems are likely to function optimally but if something affects the brain system (psychological, emotional or otherwise), other systems in the body will also experience some level of change. Systems Theory as the Foundation of Family Therapy Over the past decades, Systems theory has been the foundation on which the understanding of marriage and family therapy lays (Goldenberg, 2006). The GST assumes that a system consists of independent inputs that work together to yield expected outputs (Bartle-Haring et al, 2007). The Family Systems theory has therefore branched from this general theorization of systems. This theory focuses on the fact that a family is a system comprising of interrelated members. It acknowledges that there is some level of difficulty in understanding one member of a family without considering the others. It therefore provides a strong foundation to some of the family therapy techniques (Coates et al, 2005). One of the underlying principles behind the family systems theory is that the behavior of an individual occurs in, is affected by and influences the family (Greene, 2008). As such, having a clear understanding of the family system makes it easier to understand how each individual influences it. Zastrow Kirst-Ashman (2009) reiterate that families are evolving systems governed by rules. He further states that people within a family have their roles to play. In addition, each family has a set of common and predictable behavioral patterns which affect it. Future Directions of Systems Theory As mentioned earlier, family systems theory has tremendous impacts on family therapy. It has created a clear path towards understanding the affects of trauma on individuals in the family, interventional techniques (as pertaining to drug abus e, domestic violence, anger management and communication problems affecting a family (Price McKenry, 2009). Variants of the family systems theory have also emerged which seek to address core issues that lead to functional or dysfunctional families. The communication model is one such variant that studies the communication patterns that are adopted by various families as well as the implications of these patterns to the interactions of the family members (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2009).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Possibilities of Further Application I believe that more can be done to address family and marital issues using the systems theory. For example, when addressing violence, the systems theory focuses on the factors that lead to violence within a family setting. However, I feel that more studies should be conducted towards analyzing the characteristics and behaviors of those that cause the violence. In addition, the family systems theory does not effectively address the issue of gender inequality (Taylor, 2006). In most societies men are still viewed as being superior to women. As such, there is a great difference between their influence and that of the women to the functions of the family. This inequality has been understated by the family systems theory and therefore needs to be articulated fully. Conclusion The importance of the systems theory in a family setting cannot be understated. This paper set out to review the various concepts and implications of this theory. To this effect, an overview of these attributes has been offered and viable recommendations given. The applicability of this theory to marriage and family therapy has also been discussed. However, more studies should be conducted to ensure that this theory fully addresses the issues that affect the smooth running of a family system. This will not only assist therapists in providing viable solutions for dysfunctional families but will also ensure that family values and harmony prevails even in generations to come. References Bartle-Haring, S., Glebova, T Meyer, T. (2007). Premature Termination in Marriage and Family Therapy within a Bowenian Perspective. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35(1), 53–68. Boss, P, William, J. D., LaRossa, W. (2008). Sourcebook of Family Theories and Methods: A Contextual Approach. NY: Springer. Claybourne, A. (2006). The human body. USA: Evans Brothers. Coates, J., Sullivna, R. (2005). Achieving Competent Family Practice with Same-Sex Parents. Journal o f GLBT Family Studies, 1(2), 89–113. Connors, J. V., Richard, B. C. (2005). A Review of Group Systems Theory. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 30(2), 93–110. Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M. (2009). Capacity-Building Family-Systems Intervention Practices. Journal of Family Social Work, 12(2), 119–143. Dupuis, S. (2010). Examining the Blended Family: The Application of Systems Theory Toward an Understanding of the Blended Family System. Journal of Couple Relationship Therapy: Innovations in Clinical and Educational Interventions, 9(3), 239–251. Egiazaryan, G. G., Sudakov, K. V. (2007). Theory of Functional Systems in the Scientific School of P.K. Anokhin. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Basic and Clinical Perspectives, 16(1), 194–205. Goldenberg, I. (2007). Family Therapy: An Overview. CA: Cengage Learning. Greene, R. (2008). Human behavior theory social work practice. NY: Transaction Publishers. Gunaratne, S. A. (2008). Und erstanding systems theory: transition from equilibrium to entropy. Asian Journal of Communication, 18(3), 175 – 192. Herting, S., Stein, L. (2007). The evolution of Luhmann’s systems theory with focus on the constructivist influence. International Journal of General Systems, 36(1), 1–17. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Price, S. J., McKenry, P. C. (2009). Families change: coping with stressful events and transitions. CA: SAGE. Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., Canda, E. R. (2006). Contemporary human behavior theory: a critical perspective for social work. USA: Pearson. Taylor, B. A. (2006). Gendered Training: Men and Men’s Issues in Marriage and Family Therapy Programs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(3), 263–277. Trop, J. L. (2007). Discussion of Dr. Judy Pickles’s Paper: The Perspective of Nonlinear Open Systems Theory. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: A Topical Journal for Mental Health Professionals, 27(2), 166–176. Zastrow, C., Kirst-Ashman, K. (2009). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment. CA: Cengage Learning. This critical writing on Review of Systems Theory was written and submitted by user Marisa Tillman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Makes Grammar a Timeless Subject to Study and Teach

What Makes Grammar a Timeless Subject to Study and Teach Grammar has long been a subject of study- as a companion to  rhetoric  in ancient Greece and Rome and as one of the seven  liberal arts  in medieval education. Although the  methods  of studying grammar have changed dramatically in recent times, the  reasons  for studying grammar have remained essentially the same.   One of the most sensible answers to the question of why grammar matters appears in a position statement on the teaching of grammar in American schools. Published by the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), the report is refreshingly free of educational cant. Heres how it begins: Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language. Grammar names the types of words and word groups that make up sentences not only in English but in any language. As human beings, we can put sentences together even as children- we can all do grammar. But to be able to talk about how sentences are built, about the types of words and word groups that make up sentences- that is knowing about grammar. And knowing about grammar offers a window into the human mind and into our amazingly complex mental capacity. People associate grammar with errors and correctness. But knowing about grammar also helps us understand what makes sentences and paragraphs clear and interesting and precise. Grammar can be part of literature discussions when we and our students closely read the sentences in poetry and stories. And knowing about grammar means finding out that all languages and all dialects follow grammatical patterns. (Haussamen, Brock, et al. Some Questions and Answers About Grammar, 2002.) Note: The full report, Some Questions and Answers About Grammar, can be found on the website for the National Council of Teachers of English. Its well worth the read for anyone interested in English grammar. Additional Perspectives on Grammar Consider these explanations from other experts in English and education on why grammar matters: On  the utility and importance of  the study of Grammar,  and the principles of composition, much might be advanced, for the encouragement of persons in early life to apply themselves to this branch of learning... It may indeed be justly asserted, that many of the differences in opinion amongst men, with the disputes, contentions, and alienations of heart, which have too often proceeded from such differences, have been occasioned by a want of proper skill in the connexion and meaning of words, and by a tenacious misapplication of language. (Murray,  Lindley. English Grammar: Adapted to the Different Classes of Learners, Collins and Perkins, 1818.) We study grammar because a knowledge of sentence structure is an aid in the interpretation of literature; because continual dealing with sentences influences the student to form better sentences in his own composition; and because grammar is the best subject in our course of study for the development of reasoning power. (Webster,  William Frank. The Teaching of English Grammar, Houghton, 1905.) The study of language is a part of general knowledge. We study the complex working of the human body to understand ourselves; the same reason should attract us to studying the marvelous complexity of human language... If you understand the nature of language, you will realize the ground for your linguistic prejudices and perhaps moderate them; you will also more clearly assess linguistic issues of public concern, such as worries about the state of the language or what to do about the teaching of immigrants. Studying the English language has a more obvious practical application: It can help you to use the language more effectively. (Greenbaum, Sidney, and Gerald Nelson. An Introduction to English Grammar, 2nd ed., Longman, 2002.) Grammar is the study of how sentences mean. And that is why it helps. If we want to understand the meaning conveyed by sentences, and to develop our ability to express and respond to this meaning, then the more we know about grammar, the better we will be able to carry out these tasks... Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone - not only teachers of English but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning. (Crystal, David. Making Sense of Grammar, Longman, 2004.) [T]he study of your own grammatical system can be quite revealing and useful, and provides you with insights into how language, your own and others, whether spoken or signed, actually works... With an understanding of how language actually works, and a concise vocabulary to talk about it, you will be equipped to make more informed decisions and choices about grammar and usage, and to tease out linguistic fact from linguistic fiction. (Lobeck, Anne and Kristin Denham,  Navigating English Grammar: A Guide to Analyzing Real Language,  Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.)

Read the dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read the dis - Essay Example Usually Starbucks like firms have both long term and short term strategies to sustain its business in the market. It is difficult for a firm to rely entirely either on short term or long term policies to compete effectively in the market. Judicious implementation of short term and long term policies will help the firm to achieve its objectives and targets. Short term objectives should be specific, time bounded and accountable in order to become effective. Starbucks concentrated heavily on short term strategies to achieve success. Between 1987 through 1990 Starbucks entered new markets, and continued to grow. At the end of 1987, there were 17 Starbucks locations, and by 1990 there were 84. During this four year growth phase Starbucks entered the markets of Chicago, Vancouver, and Portland. In 1988 the company started a mail order catalog for it's fine dark roasted coffee beans and high quality coffee equipment (Kembell) Starbucks never tried to undertake a comprehensive expansion stra tegy. They focused on establishing few more outlets every year rather than establishing numerous outlets at different countries at the same time. This strategy helped them to give more attention to all the newly opened outlets till such outlets became profitable. The above short term strategy of establishing only few outlets every year helped Starbucks to achieve its long term objective of establishing outlets at different parts of the world and manage all of them with success. In other words, the short term strategies of Starbucks are linked to the long term objectives of the firm. They have given priorities to their short term strategy of establishing few outlets at a time and manage them well in order to achieve their long term strategy of establishing as many units in different countries and manage all of them well. Business strategies and functional tactics of a firm have direct relationships. In fact business strategies are usually implemented using different functional tactic s. For example, coffee lovers always like variety while taking a coffee. They don’t like the same taste every time when they take a coffee. Starbucks know this consumer psychology very well and they have introduced many flavors in their coffee products. Starbucks introduced ‘walnut flavor of Colombia Narino Supremo, the creamy sweet Caf Verona and the smooth, buttery Sulawesi† (Kembell) etc as a result of their realization of the above consumer psychology. Some of the other functional tactics employed by Starbucks are the selling of coffee-related products, Expresso machines, stainless steel coffee filters etc. Through the selling of coffee-related products such as brewing equipment and accessories, many consumers can enjoy high quality coffee at home rather than traveling out of their way. The equipment available includes Expresso machines, stainless steel coffee filters, and Starbucks cleaner and canisters. This is another example of how Starbucks is meeting the needs of current customers as well as increasing its attractiveness to potential customers (Kembell) The above functional tactics helped Starbucks to spread the popularity of Starbucks coffee from its outlets to home. Moreover, these strategies helped Starbucks to polish its face more and to popularize its products more in the market. The name Starbucks is currently fixed firmly in the hearts of the coffee lovers because

Verification of MBTI Type Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Verification of MBTI Type - Essay Example The ESFP personality profile was also chosen as the hypothesized one based on the description of the ESFP given by Myers and Briggs – â€Å"Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant lovers of life, people, and material comforts. Enjoy working with others to make things happen. Bring common sense and a realistic approach to their work, and make work fun. Flexible and spontaneous, adapt readily to new people and environments. Learn best by trying a new skill with other people.† The test results that came back were ISFP – which matched the hypothesized profile on all but the first variable. The MBTI measures an individual's preferred modes of experiencing stimuli, and responding to them along four dichotomous variables. Each alphabet of the personality profile code stands for the dominant aspect of one variable. The first variable is Extraversion – Introversion; which attempts to understand the direction of focus of the individuals’ attentions. The report shows a preference towards introversion; signifying a tendency to look within and share significant events with a few close people rather than many acquaintances. The results also suggest that the individual would prefer to work alone, and prefer their own space. The hypothesised result on this variable was Extraversion – an assumption not supported by the test results.

Discourse on Modernization Essay Example for Free

Discourse on Modernization Essay The discourse on Modernization was resisted by the Communists led by the USSR through a policy of isolation and xenophobia. The improvement of quality of life Modernization would bring was a threat to their hold on nations. Hence it was against the best interest of Communist governments that their holdings obtain genuine modernization. One major example was the Iron Curtain. Movement of people, goods and information was severely restricted along the east-west Germany border especially during the 50s and 60s. Starting with their refusal to accept Marshall plan aid after World War II, the nations falling under the Iron Curtain refused to have dealings with the west. By breaking contact with the West, they were able to limit the common people’s consciousness the people did not have a basis for comparison to realize how oppressive their lives really were. Another example was the foundation or support of various communist movements all over the World. Many of these organizations received financial and logistical support from the COMINTERN or the KGB. These organizations promoted the Communist ideal often with a nationalist or self-determinist bias. They tried to disparage Western Aid as a form of Imperialism to limit modernization it their respective countries. Shortcoming of the â€Å"modernization theory†: Dichotomy of the â€Å"traditional† and â€Å"modern† 5. Cultural Imperialism The Third World in the 1960s: Stagnation of the economic development; political instability Dependency Theory: Emerged in Latin America in the late 1960s Grounded in the neo-Marxist political-economy approach TNCs in the North exercise control, with the support of their respective governments, Over the developing countries by setting the terms of global trade ? developing nations remain â€Å"peripheral† Cultural Imperialism: The cultural aspects of dependency theory Ex: Herbert Schiller (1969) Mass Communications and American Empire US-based TNCs undermine cultural autonomy of the South US communications technology and investment, coupled with the new demand for media products, nessitate large-scale imports of US media products Consumerism is emphasized at the expense of community values

The Challenge of Good Advice :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

The Challenge of Good Advice Good advice is in the eye of the beholder. Advice needs to be relative to the situation. If something is missing from advice the whole topic may be dismissed. If there is too much some info may be missed because some is forgotten or attention diverted. For advice to be good options should present themselves. I won't want to be told there is only one way to do something. No straight forward answer should ultimately clinch it for me. I'd want insight from a variety of sources. Such as verbal and non-verbal, sentences and actions. Cautioning against something too much may have the reverse effect, every once in a while I've been known to see what will happen, even if guided to do otherwise. The same advice given to two different people may trigger different actions. My mother has said this to me "Save your money for something you really want" when I was young, like age 9, I ignored this advice because I wasn't ready for it and I "wanted" candy. My age, 18, allows me to listen better save it for college or to buy a car. The older I got the more willing I was to accept advice. It all depended on what I was thinking and feeling at a particular time or age. Or 18 year olds, like some of my friends could disregard the advice as well and just "want" to party. To me good advice comes from someone I respect or even want to be like. However, if that person is on the wrong track with advice then they could lead me astray. Their so-called good advice may be the worst advice I could ever receive. Taking advice has to be a judgment call as well as a learning process. If I were to choose the wrong path it would be no one's fault but my own. I usually want drawn out examples of situations in order to choose what advice is good for me and what is not. Yet my brother wants advice straight to the point and easy to refer back to. Then sometimes I want a little of both. To me the somewhat drawn out examples help me to choose the path to go. With more examples I'm bound to remember at least one if not more. The short, but not always sweet, explanations may leave room for interpretation which occasionally have led me to the eve of destruction.

Oceans and Atmosphere Worksheet Essay

The Oceans 1. What is the composition of seawater? The salinity of seawater ranges from 3.3 to 3.7%. When seawater evaporates it leaves behind sodium chloride, better known as table salt. The other components of seawater are acquired through various methods. One of which is weathering. Chemical weathering of rock releases soluble such as salts of sodium, potassium, and sulfur. 2. What are the three major layers (zones) found in the ocean? Describe each layer briefly. The three layers of the ocean are the surface layer, the thermocline, and the deep zone. The surface layer goes up to 100 meters deep and consists of low density, warm water. In the thermocline temperatures decrease rapidly as it extends to depths of 1500 meters. The deep zone maintains a cold temperature of about -2 degrees Celsius and extends to the ocean floor beyond the thermocline. 3. What is an ocean current? Surface ocean currents are caused by winds. Wind presses on the ocean’s surface and forces the water to move along with it. These currents range from 50 to 100 meters in depth and are contained to the surface layer. Deep ocean currents are caused by several factors including temperature and salinity, which accounts for the water’s density. 4. How do oceans regulate climate? There are several ways in which the oceans regulate the climate. The oceans act as a sink for excess carbon dioxide which helps to regulate the greenhouse effect. Also there is a heat exchange that occurs within the ocean that is extremely important. Water can be heated more efficiently by the sun’s rays rather than land. The sun’s ray’s can penetrate much further into the water. Water has a higher heat capacity than land. Latent heat also plays a role, as water is frozen heat is released and as water in unfrozen heat is absorbed. 5. What causes a change in sea level? The changes in sea level can be contributed to the addition or subtraction of water to the oceans. The additions come from the melting of stored water that come in the form of glaciers and ice caps during times of global warming. Subtraction comes from the removal of water to land based frozen forms during times of global cooling. 6. What causes ocean tides? Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of both the moon and the sun. The moon being closer has a greater effect on tides. Water on the side of Earth closest to the moon bulges toward the moon. There is also a bulge away from the moon on the opposite side of the Earth. 7. What is the relationship between plate tectonics and the ocean floor—seafloor spreading, for example? 8. What are different ways that earth materials are moved around in the oceans? Surf is a powerful force. It causes erosion and moves sediment from one location to another. Currents are another manner in which materials are transported through the ocean system. There is a longshore current and a beach drift responsible for disturbing and transporting materials. 9. What are the different types of shorelines? Describe each type briefly. There is a rocky coast, lowland beach and barrier island, as well as coral reef. A rocky coast describes the most common type of costal area. This is where there are vertical wave cut cliffs and horizontal bench cut cliffs. The erosion undermines the cliffs and sends the resulting debris into the ocean forming rough outcroppings. Beaches are not only the sand areas on land they extend into the sand in the surf zone. During low tide, sands are sometimes blown onto land creating dunes or barrier islands. A coral reef is formed in an area where temperatures exceed 18 degrees Celsius but do not exceed 30. Also they are formed only at or above sea level. Coral is a limestone reef formed by a colony of organisms which secrete calcium carbonate as their skeletal material. 10. Why do waves change as they approach shorelines? A wave changes as it approaches shore due to the fact that a wave exists not only on the surface but also below water. As a wave approaches shore it comes into contact with the shallow sea floor and this begins to distort the loop shape of the water movement. It causes the wave height to increase while the wavelength shortens. Atmosphere 1. What is the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere? Air is what envelopes the Earth. Air is invisible and typically odorless. Air has two highly viable components that are aerosols and water vapor. Aerosols are liquid and solid particles so small that they remain suspended. Water vapor in air is expressed in terms of humidity. When ignoring aerosol and water vapor these gasses, termed dry air, are present and known as nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. There are more gases that make up a very minute portion of the atmosphere but play a vital role known as carbon dioxide, neon, and six others. 2. What are the four major layers of the Earth’s atmosphere? Describe each layer briefly. There is the Troposphere, the Stratosphere, the Mesosphere, and the Thermosphere. The Troposphere contains 80% of all actual mass of the atmosphere. It is also the layer where all weather phenomenon take place. Most all heat absorbing gases reside here. The Stratosphere contains 19% of all atmospheres mass. The Mesosphere and Thermosphere together contain only 1% of the atmospheric mass. The thermosphere absorbs short ultraviolet wavelengths. The Mesosphere absorbs medium wavelengths. The Stratosphere absorbs long wavelengths. 3. What is the greenhouse effect? The greenhouse effect is how the Earth’s surface is heated. Greenhouse gasses such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane absorb some of the outgoing infrared terrestrial radiation and prevent it from escaping. 4. How would you describe the ozone layer? Why is the ozone layer important? The ozone layer is a protective area in the outer three layers of the  atmosphere that protect the earth from harmful radiation by blocking particular wavelengths. 5. What is the relationship among the Earth’s atmosphere, the sun, and the rotation of the Earth? The sun heats the Earth’s atmosphere and makes it a habitable planet. The earth is a sphere so the sun cannot warm every place on earth at once. This issue is solved by the earth’s rotation and its rotation around the Sun. 6. What is the Coriolis effect? The Coriolis effect causes anything that moves freely with respect to the rotating earth to veer off a straight path. This can be demonstrated through long range missile launches that have been known to land far from their intended targets due to the earth’s rotation. 7. How would you define climate? Climate is an average of weather patterns over a long period of time, generally on a regional or global scale. 8. How does the atmosphere regulate climate? Atmosphere regulates climate through weather patterns created through the greenhouse effect. This process creates heat within water vapors and other gasses that are the main contributing factors in weather. Also the filtration of wavelengths by the upper atmospheres keeps the earth’s climate at a more even temperature. 9. What are the six global climate zones? What are the main climate effects on people and the environment? The six climate zones are tropical, dry, temperate-humid, cold-humid, polar, and highland. Each zone is driven by solar energy which drives temperature, seasonality, precipitation which in turn fosters vegetation, . These factors make a zone habitable or non habitable. 10. How do the oceans and the atmosphere interact? The oceans provide a great deal of moisture for the atmosphere. This moisture is a main component in heat exchange which leads to weather patterns. Water is in constant motion and plays a vital roles in the regulation of the atmosphere.

Marks and Spencer Sustainability Analysis Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Transportation M&S relies on vans for major transportation services. Coyle et al. , (2002) state that the company partnered with Joint Retail Logistics to produce and assemble a light weight automobile to cut down fuel consumption by 16%. The move to manufacturing a vehicle is sustainable and can help the company to minimize the trips if the vehicles deck is increased by 70%. It can also improve transportation by using trucks or Lorries to carry bulky loads and minimize the cost and fuel. Reverse Logistics and Sustainability In 2012, Muthu (2015), explains that the Marks & Spencer organized a popular event in partnership with Oxfam referred to as Shwopping. The primary purpose of this event is to encourage its consumers to donate second-hand clothes for reuse or to be remodeled. M&S alongside other companies engage reverse logistics from a green perspective to control the flow of products meant for manufacturing, reuse or disposal (Muthu, 2015). The company also recycles plastic bags and boxes to make tissue papers that are sold in stores. It also promotes organic farming by converting the organic waste from fruits and vegetables into renewable energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks and Spencer Sustainability Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Quality Management System M&S were extensive and cautious global retailers that ensured â€Å"Quality, Value and Service, † (Williamson, 2004). The company’s implementation of the ISO 14001 in 2007 resulted in the establishment of Plan A as a sustainability strategy. The plan was established as an economic and environmental approach consisting 100 goals that are set to be realized by 2015. Brokaw (2012) note that successful implementation of plan A enabled M&S to reduce total carbon emissions by 23%, increase energy efficiency by 31%, shrink waste by 28%, decrease water consumption by 27% and decrease plastic carrier bags by 80%. Kelly (2006) state that M&S actively takes part in initiatives such as Back To Work Program in which M&S provide employment opportunities for disadvantaged people such as the elderly and disabled. Operation Strategy and Sustainability M its base of product users maintain a conscious environment with high alerts and murmurs concerning global warming caused by the emission of greenhouse gasses. Its reliance on Plan A operation and sustainability policy have resulted in some explicit business benefits for M&S (Yudelson, 2009). Conclusion Conclusively, the paper established that M it is a sustainable company.